Diagnoses and Conditions We Identify
Our assessments help identify different mental health disorders and neurodevelopmental conditions. Early identification leads to better outcomes and more effective support.
Anxiety Disorders
Agoraphobia
Marked fear or anxiety about using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed places, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside of the home alone. These situations are avoided or endured with intense distress due to fear of escape being difficult or help unavailable if panic-like symptoms occur.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about various events or activities. Difficulty controlling the worry, accompanied by restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance.
Panic Disorder
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks—sudden surges of intense fear reaching a peak within minutes, with symptoms like pounding heart, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, chills, numbness, and fear of losing control or dying.
Selective Mutism
Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations where speaking is expected (e.g., school) despite speaking in other situations. The disturbance interferes with educational or occupational achievement and is not due to lack of knowledge or comfort with the spoken language.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from attachment figures. May include worry about harm befalling loved ones, reluctance to leave home, nightmares about separation, and physical symptoms when separation occurs or is anticipated.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Marked fear or anxiety about social situations where one may be scrutinized by others—including social interactions, being observed, and performing in front of others. Fear of acting in ways that will be negatively evaluated, leading to humiliation, embarrassment, or rejection.
Specific Phobias
Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, blood, injections). The phobic object almost always provokes immediate fear, is actively avoided or endured with intense anxiety, and the fear is out of proportion to the actual danger.
Communication Disorders
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)
Disturbances in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech, including sound and syllable repetitions, sound prolongations, broken words, blocking, word substitutions to avoid problematic words, and words produced with excess physical tension.
Language Disorder
Persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language across modalities due to deficits in comprehension or production. Reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impaired discourse abilities that are substantially below age expectations.
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
Persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication, including using communication for social purposes, matching communication to context, following rules for conversation, and understanding nonliteral or ambiguous language.
Speech Sound Disorder
Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with intelligibility or prevents verbal communication. Includes problems with phonological knowledge, articulation, and speech motor control beyond developmental norms.
Unspecified Communication Disorder
Communication difficulties causing significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning that do not meet full criteria for a specific communication disorder or where insufficient information is available for a more specific diagnosis.
Depressive Disorders
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested verbally or behaviorally that are grossly out of proportion to the situation. Outbursts occur three or more times per week, with persistently irritable or angry mood between outbursts, present for 12+ months in multiple settings.
Major Depressive Disorder
Depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure for at least 2 weeks, plus significant weight changes, sleep disturbance, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, diminished concentration, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Depressed mood for most of the day, more days than not, for at least 2 years. While depressed, experiencing poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy, low self-esteem, poor concentration, and feelings of hopelessness.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
In the majority of menstrual cycles, marked mood lability, irritability, depressed mood, or anxiety in the week before menses, improving within days after onset and becoming minimal or absent in the week post-menses.
Prolonged Grief Disorder
Intense yearning or longing for the deceased, preoccupation with thoughts of the deceased, and identity disruption, emotional numbness, avoidance of reminders, or difficulty engaging in life persisting for at least 12 months following bereavement.
Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
A prominent and persistent disturbance in mood featuring depressed mood or markedly diminished interest that developed during or soon after substance intoxication, withdrawal, or exposure to a medication capable of producing such symptoms.
Dissociative Disorders
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
Persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization (feeling detached from one's mental processes or body, like an outside observer) and/or derealization (experiencing surroundings as unreal, dreamlike, or distorted) while reality testing remains intact.
Dissociative Amnesia
Inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting. May involve localized, selective, or generalized amnesia, sometimes with dissociative fugue (bewildered wandering).
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states or an experience of possession, with marked discontinuity in sense of self, cognition, behavior, affect, perceptions, and memory. Recurrent gaps in recall of everyday events beyond ordinary forgetting.
Disruptive, Impulse-Control & Conduct Mental Health Disorders
Conduct Disorder
Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior violating the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms. Includes aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious rule violations.
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Recurrent behavioral outbursts representing failure to control aggressive impulses, manifested by verbal aggression or physical aggression toward property, animals, or others. The magnitude of aggressiveness is grossly out of proportion to the provocation.
Kleptomania
Recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects not needed for personal use or their monetary value. Increasing tension immediately before committing the theft and pleasure, gratification, or relief at the time of the act.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
A pattern of angry/irritable mood (loses temper, touchy, angry/resentful), argumentative/defiant behavior (argues with authority figures, actively defies or refuses to comply, deliberately annoys others, blames others), or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months.
Pyromania
Deliberate and purposeful fire setting on more than one occasion. Tension or affective arousal before the act, fascination with fire and its contexts, and pleasure, gratification, or relief when setting, witnessing, or participating in the aftermath of fires.
Eating & Feeding Mental Health Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight or persistent behavior interfering with weight gain, and disturbance in self-perceived weight or shape, undue influence of weight on self-evaluation, or denial of seriousness of low weight.
ARFID
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder—an eating or feeding disturbance with persistent failure to meet nutritional needs, leading to significant weight loss, nutritional deficiency, dependence on supplemental feeding, or marked interference with psychosocial functioning, not due to body image concerns.
Binge Eating Disorder
Recurrent episodes of eating significantly more food than most people would eat in a similar time period, with a sense of lack of control. Episodes include eating rapidly, eating until uncomfortably full, eating when not hungry, eating alone due to embarrassment, and feeling disgusted or guilty afterward.
Bulimia Nervosa
Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain (self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise). Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight.
Gender Dysphoria
Gender Dysphoria
Marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender, lasting at least 6 months. May include a strong desire to be of another gender, to be treated as another gender, or a strong conviction of having feelings and reactions typical of another gender.
Gender Dysphoria (Male to Female / Female to Male)
Strong desire to be rid of one's primary and/or secondary sex characteristics, to have the characteristics of another gender, and to be treated as another gender. The incongruence is associated with clinically significant distress or impairment.
Intellectual Developmental Disorders
Global Developmental Delay
Failure to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning in children under 5 when clinical severity cannot be reliably assessed. Requires reassessment after a period of time.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder
Deficits in intellectual functions (reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, learning) and adaptive functioning (conceptual, social, practical domains) with onset during the developmental period, limiting independence and responsibility.
Unspecified Intellectual Developmental Disorder
Intellectual disability in individuals over age 5 when assessment is difficult or impossible due to sensory or physical impairments, severe problem behaviors, or co-occurring mental disorders, requiring provisional classification.
Learning Differences
Auditory Processing Disorder
Difficulty processing and interpreting auditory information despite normal hearing. Challenges with understanding speech in noisy environments, following multi-step directions, distinguishing similar sounds, and remembering auditory information.
Dyscalculia
Difficulty understanding numbers and number-related concepts, learning math facts and procedures, performing accurate or fluent calculations, and applying math reasoning. Math skills substantially below age expectations despite adequate instruction.
Dysgraphia
Difficulty with written expression including problems with handwriting, spelling, organizing thoughts on paper, and composition. Written output is often incomplete, with poor legibility, inconsistent spacing, and difficulty translating thoughts into written language.
Dyslexia
Persistent difficulties with accurate or fluent word recognition, poor decoding, and poor spelling. Reading is slow and effortful, with problems comprehending the meaning of what is read, despite adequate intelligence and instruction.
Nonverbal Learning Disability
Difficulty with visual-spatial processing, recognizing nonverbal cues like facial expressions and body language, motor coordination, and adapting to new situations. Often accompanied by strong verbal skills but poor social understanding.
Specific Learning Disorder
Difficulties learning and using academic skills—inaccurate or slow reading, difficulty understanding what is read, spelling difficulties, problems with written expression, number sense or calculation difficulties, and mathematical reasoning difficulties persisting for at least 6 months.
Visual Processing Disorder
Difficulty interpreting visual information including challenges with visual discrimination, visual memory, visual-spatial relationships, visual motor processing, and visual figure-ground discrimination, impacting reading, writing, and math.
Mood Disorders
Bipolar I Disorder
At least one manic episode lasting at least 7 days (or any duration if hospitalization required) with abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy. During the episode: inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, racing thoughts, distractibility, increased goal-directed activity, and risky behavior.
Bipolar II Disorder
A pattern of at least one hypomanic episode (lasting at least 4 days) and at least one major depressive episode, without a full manic episode. Hypomanic episodes involve elevated mood and energy but less severe than mania and without psychotic features.
Cyclothymic Disorder
Chronic fluctuating mood disturbance for at least 2 years involving numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for hypomanic or major depressive episodes. Symptom-free periods last no more than 2 months.
Seasonal Affective Disorder
A pattern of major depressive episodes occurring at a particular time of year (usually fall/winter) and full remission at other times (usually spring). Features often include oversleeping, overeating, weight gain, and carbohydrate craving.
Motor Disorders
Developmental Coordination Disorder
Acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills substantially below expected given age and opportunity for skill learning. Manifests as clumsiness, slowness and inaccuracy of motor skills, interfering with activities of daily living and academic productivity.
Stereotypic Movement Disorder
Repetitive, seemingly driven, and purposeless motor behavior (hand waving, body rocking, head banging, self-biting). The movements interfere with social, academic, or other activities and may result in self-injury requiring intervention.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Types of Mental Health Conditions
ADHD - Combined Type
Meets criteria for both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive presentations. Six or more symptoms of inattention AND six or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity present for at least 6 months, with onset before age 12 and impairment in two or more settings.
ADHD - Hyperactive-Impulsive Type
Six or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity for at least 6 months: fidgeting, leaving seat, running/climbing inappropriately, unable to play quietly, 'on the go,' talking excessively, blurting out answers, difficulty waiting turn, interrupting others.
ADHD - Inattentive Type
Six or more symptoms of inattention for at least 6 months: failing to give close attention to details, difficulty sustaining attention, not seeming to listen, not following through on instructions, difficulty organizing, avoiding sustained mental effort, losing things, being easily distracted, and forgetful.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication, and developing/maintaining relationships. Also restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
Communication Disorders
Persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language, speech production, or social communication that are not attributable to sensory or motor deficits, intellectual disability, or other medical or neurological conditions.
Intellectual Disability
Deficits in intellectual functions confirmed by clinical assessment and standardized testing, plus deficits in adaptive functioning limiting independence in activities of daily living, with onset during the developmental period.
Other Specified / Unspecified Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Symptoms characteristic of a neurodevelopmental disorder causing significant impairment but not meeting full criteria for any specific disorder in the neurodevelopmental category.
Obsessive-Compulsive & Related
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others. Repetitive behaviors (mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking) or mental acts (comparing appearance with others) in response to the appearance concerns.
Excoriation Disorder
Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions. Repeated attempts to decrease or stop the skin picking. The behavior causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Hoarding Disorder
Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions regardless of their actual value. Perceived need to save items and distress associated with discarding them. Accumulation of possessions congests and clutters active living areas, substantially compromising their intended use.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Presence of obsessions (recurrent, persistent, intrusive, unwanted thoughts, urges, or images causing marked anxiety) and/or compulsions (repetitive behaviors or mental acts the person feels driven to perform to reduce anxiety or prevent a dreaded event).
Trichotillomania
Recurrent pulling out of one's hair resulting in hair loss. Repeated attempts to decrease or stop the hair pulling. The behavior causes clinically significant distress or impairment and is not attributable to another medical condition.
Personality Disorders
Antisocial Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others since age 15, including failure to conform to social norms, deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability and aggressiveness, reckless disregard for safety, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse.
Avoidant Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. Avoids activities involving interpersonal contact due to fears of criticism or rejection. Views self as socially inept, unappealing, or inferior.
Borderline Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, with marked impulsivity. Features include frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, unstable relationships, identity disturbance, impulsivity, recurrent suicidal behavior, affective instability, chronic emptiness, inappropriate anger, and stress-related paranoid ideation.
Dependent Personality Disorder
A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation. Difficulty making everyday decisions without advice, needs others to assume responsibility, difficulty expressing disagreement, and goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance.
Histrionic Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking. Uncomfortable when not the center of attention, inappropriate sexually seductive behavior, rapidly shifting shallow emotions, uses physical appearance to draw attention, impressionistic speech, self-dramatization, suggestibility, and considers relationships more intimate than they are.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. Features include grandiose sense of self-importance, preoccupation with fantasies of success, belief in being special, requiring excessive admiration, sense of entitlement, interpersonally exploitative, lacking empathy, envious, and arrogant attitudes.
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency. Features include preoccupation with details, perfectionism interfering with task completion, excessive devotion to work, over-conscientiousness, inability to discard items, reluctance to delegate, miserliness, and rigidity.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent. Suspects exploitation or harm, doubts loyalty, reluctant to confide, reads hidden demeaning meanings, bears grudges, perceives attacks on character, and has recurrent suspicions regarding fidelity of partner.
Schizoid Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression. Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, chooses solitary activities, little interest in sexual experiences, takes pleasure in few activities, lacks close friends, appears indifferent to praise or criticism, and shows emotional coldness or detachment.
Sexual Disorders
Delayed Ejaculation
Marked delay in, marked infrequency of, or absence of ejaculation during partnered sexual activity for a minimum of 6 months. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress and are not better explained by a mental disorder, relationship distress, or medical condition.
Erectile Disorder
At least one of the following symptoms experienced on almost all or all occasions of sexual activity: marked difficulty obtaining an erection, marked difficulty maintaining an erection until completion of sexual activity, or marked decrease in erectile rigidity, for a minimum of 6 months.
Female Orgasmic Disorder
At least one of the following: marked delay in, marked infrequency of, or absence of orgasm; or markedly reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations, experienced on almost all or all occasions of sexual activity for a minimum of 6 months.
Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
Lack of or significantly reduced sexual interest/arousal, manifested by reduced interest in sexual activity, sexual thoughts, initiation of sexual activity and receptiveness, excitement/pleasure during sexual activity, response to sexual cues, or genital/nongenital sensations, for a minimum of 6 months.
Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder
Persistent or recurrent difficulties with vaginal penetration during intercourse, marked vulvovaginal or pelvic pain during intercourse or penetration attempts, marked fear or anxiety about pain in anticipation of or during penetration, or marked tensing of pelvic floor muscles during attempted penetration.
Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Persistently or recurrently deficient or absent sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies and desire for sexual activity for a minimum of 6 months. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress.
Premature Ejaculation
A pattern of ejaculation occurring during partnered sexual activity within approximately 1 minute following vaginal penetration and before the individual wishes it, for at least 6 months, occurring on almost all or all occasions of sexual activity.
Sleep Disorders
Central Sleep Apnea
Evidence by polysomnography of five or more central apneas (pause in breathing without associated respiratory effort) per hour of sleep. Subtypes include idiopathic, Cheyne-Stokes breathing, opioid-induced, and high-altitude periodic breathing.
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
A persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption due to alteration of the circadian system or misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythm and the required sleep-wake schedule. Types include delayed sleep phase, advanced sleep phase, irregular sleep-wake, non-24-hour, and shift work types.
Hypersomnolence Disorder
Self-reported excessive sleepiness despite a main sleep period lasting at least 7 hours, with recurrent periods of sleep within the same day, a prolonged main sleep episode of more than 9 hours that is non-restorative, or difficulty being fully awake after abrupt awakening.
Insomnia Disorder
Dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality with difficulty initiating sleep, maintaining sleep (frequent awakenings or problems returning to sleep), or early-morning awakening, occurring at least 3 nights per week for at least 3 months, despite adequate opportunity for sleep.
Narcolepsy
Recurrent periods of irrepressible need to sleep or lapsing into sleep occurring within the same day, occurring at least 3 times per week for at least 3 months. May include cataplexy (brief episodes of sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone), hypocretin deficiency, or REM sleep abnormalities.
Nightmare Disorder
Repeated occurrences of extended, extremely dysphoric, well-remembered dreams that usually involve efforts to avoid threats to survival, security, or physical integrity. On awakening, the individual rapidly becomes oriented and alert. The nightmares cause significant distress or impairment.
Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorder
Recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep, typically occurring during the first third of the sleep episode, with either sleepwalking (rising from bed and walking about) or sleep terrors (abrupt awakening with a panicky scream and intense fear), with little or no recall of the episodes.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea
Evidence by polysomnography of at least 5 obstructive apneas or hypopneas per hour of sleep, with typical nocturnal respiratory symptoms (snoring, snorting, breathing pauses) or daytime sleepiness, fatigue, or unrefreshing sleep despite sufficient sleep opportunity.
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviors arising during REM sleep. The behaviors are often dream enactment. On awakening, the individual is fully awake, alert, and oriented. Polysomnography shows REM sleep without atonia.
Restless Legs Syndrome
An urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs. Symptoms begin or worsen during rest or inactivity, are partially or totally relieved by movement, and are worse in the evening or night than during the day.
Sleep-Related Hypoventilation
Polysomnography demonstrates episodes of decreased respiration associated with elevated CO2 levels. Subtypes include idiopathic hypoventilation, congenital central alveolar hypoventilation, and comorbid sleep-related hypoventilation.
Somatic Disorders
Factitious Disorder
Falsification of physical or psychological signs or symptoms, or induction of injury or disease, associated with identified deception. The individual presents themselves to others as ill, impaired, or injured. The behavior is evident even in the absence of obvious external rewards.
Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder
One or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function. Clinical findings provide evidence of incompatibility between the symptom and recognized neurological or medical conditions. Symptoms may include weakness, paralysis, abnormal movements, swallowing symptoms, speech symptoms, sensory loss, or seizures.
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness. Somatic symptoms are not present or, if present, are only mild. There is a high level of anxiety about health, and the individual is easily alarmed about personal health status. The individual performs excessive health-related behaviors or exhibits maladaptive avoidance.
Somatic Symptom Disorder / PHQ-15
One or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life. Excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms or associated health concerns, manifested by disproportionate thoughts about symptom seriousness, persistent high anxiety, or excessive time and energy devoted to the symptoms.
Tic Disorders
Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
Single or multiple motor or vocal tics have been present during the illness, but not both motor and vocal. Tics may wax and wane in frequency but have persisted for more than 1 year since first tic onset. Onset is before age 18.
Provisional Tic Disorder
Single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics that have been present for less than 1 year since first tic onset. Onset is before age 18. Criteria for Tourette's disorder or persistent tic disorder have never been met.
Tourette's Disorder
Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics have been present at some time during the illness, although not necessarily concurrently. Tics may wax and wane in frequency but have persisted for more than 1 year since first tic onset. Onset is before age 18.
Other Specified / Unspecified Tic Disorder
Symptoms characteristic of a tic disorder causing clinically significant distress or impairment but not meeting full criteria for a tic disorder or any specific neurodevelopmental disorder, often due to unusual presentation or late onset.
Trauma & Stress-Related Mental Health Disorders
Acute Stress Disorder
Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation. Presence of nine or more symptoms from intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and arousal categories, beginning or worsening after the traumatic event, lasting 3 days to 1 month after trauma exposure.
Adjustment Disorders
Development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor occurring within 3 months of the onset of the stressor. Marked distress out of proportion to the severity of the stressor, or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other functioning.
Complex PTSD
Meeting criteria for PTSD plus disturbances in self-organization: severe and pervasive problems in affect regulation, persistent beliefs about oneself as diminished or worthless, and persistent difficulties in sustaining relationships and feeling close to others.
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
A pattern of behavior in which a child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults, exhibiting reduced or absent reticence, overly familiar verbal or physical behavior, diminished checking back with adult caregiver, and willingness to go off with an unfamiliar adult with minimal hesitation.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Following exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence: intrusion symptoms (distressing memories, dreams, flashbacks), avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and marked alterations in arousal and reactivity, persisting for more than 1 month.
Prolonged Grief Disorder
Death of a person close to the individual at least 12 months ago (6 months for children). Intense yearning/longing and preoccupation with the deceased, plus additional symptoms including identity disruption, disbelief, avoidance of reminders, intense emotional pain, difficulty moving on, emotional numbness, or feeling life is meaningless.
Reactive Attachment Disorder
A consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers, manifested by rarely seeking comfort when distressed and rarely responding to comfort when offered. A persistent social and emotional disturbance including minimal social and emotional responsiveness, limited positive affect, and unexplained irritability or sadness.
Other Specified / Unspecified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder
Symptoms characteristic of a trauma- and stressor-related disorder causing clinically significant distress or impairment but not meeting full criteria for any disorder in this diagnostic class, often due to duration thresholds or atypical presentations.
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